Introduction and Recommendations

In order to process Japanese language documents on your computer, you need either a Japanese language operating system or a Japanese language extension that adds Japanese language capabilities to your English language operating system. PC users also have the option of working with a self-contained Japanese word processor such as JWP and doing a lot of cutting and pasting. If you plan to send and receive email over the Internet and you don't have a Japanese email client, then you may also need a utility for converting Japanese language text to JIS encoding, which is standard on the Internet.

If you have a Macintosh running System 7.1 or later, pick up the Japanese Language Kit. This will give you a variety of options and flexibility for displaying, inputting, and printing Japanese language documents. If you have an English language version of Netscape Navigator, you will be able to read Japanese web pages using the Japanese Language Kit.

If you just want to view Japanese web pages and you have a PC, then download Microsoft's Internet Explorer. There is a free add on that allows users to view Japanese web pages.

If you have a PC and you would like to be able to read and write Japanese files and email, then download JWP.

If you have a PC and you are looking for a fairly flexible Japanese language extension, check out UnionWay DBM.

If you have a PC and you plan on frequently working with Japanese language documents and would also like to be able run some Japanese applications, then a Japanese operating system such as Windows95-J is the best option.

PCs

Operating Systems

Windows95-J
This is the Japanese version of Windows95. All of the menus are in Japanese. It comes with a couple of Japanese true type fonts and the usual Windows applets. There are a few different methods for setting up multi-boot configurations allowing both the English and Japanese versions to be run on the same computer. One program that takes some of the hassle out of setting up a multi-boot configurations is V Communications' System Commander.
DOS/V and Windows-J
These are the Japanese versions of DOS and Windows 3.1. This arrangement is convenient because both the English and Japanese versions of Windows 3.1 can be installed over DOS/V. With this arrangement you can switch between the two versions of Windows without rebooting.

Japanese Language Extensions

KanjiKit for Windows
This is a commercial package from Pacific Software Publishing that allows you to input, display, and print Japanese with many Windows applications. It comes with manuals in English and Japanese. A demo version is available.
NJWin Multilingual Support System
This shareware extension, available from Hongbo Data Systems is available for Windows95 and WindowsNT. There is both a multilingual (Chinese/Japanese/Korean) version and a Japanese version. This program allows users to display Japanese using standard web browsers and email clients. It doesn't allow Japanese language inputting. The registration fee can also be applied towards the Hongbo Data Systems' NJStar Japanese word processor.
TwinBridge Japanese Partner
TwinBridge Japanese Partner is available for Windows95, Windows 3.1, and OS/2. It allows Japanese language input, display, and printing within most English language applications for Windows. A demo version is available. Take a look at TwinBridge's web site for further information. TwinBridge has a few limitations, but for the most part it is a convenient Japanese language extension.
UnionWay DBM
UnionWay DBM is available for Windows95, WindowsNT, and Windows 3.1. There is a multilingual (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean) version as well as a Japanese only version. There is also a demo/shareware version. Take a look at UnionWay's web site for more information.

Word Processors

JWP
This is a freeware Japanese word processor produced by Stephen Chung. Among other things, it can actually be used to read and write Japanese email by cutting and pasting text to and from an email client such as Eudora. Although it has quite a few limitations, it can read Japanese language documents encoded in any of the major standards (see below). The EDICT freeware dictionary managed by Jim Breen is usually included with JWP. JWP can be downloaded from ftp.cc.monash.edu.au/pub/nihongo/.
MOKE
MOKE is a shareware text editor for DOS that can also run under a DOS window in Windows95. It is somewhat similar to the UNIX editor, vi. It isn't easy to use at first, but can be quite convenient for working with Japanese text files.
NJStar Japanese Word Processor
This is the Japanese language version of a Chinese word processor developed by Ni Hongbo. It is entirely self-contained and thus doesn't require a Japanese operating system. It is available from Hongbo Data Systems.

Web Browsers

Microsoft Internet Explorer
Microsoft provides free add ons for Internet Explorer that allow users to view Japanese web pages. Currently, Internet Explorer is free. This is a simple and convenient way to view Japanese web pages, but you need to be running Windows95.
Microsoft Internet Explorer for Windows 95 Download
Once you have downloaded and installed the browser, go to the add-ons page, look for multilingual support, and download the appropriate add-on.
 
Netscape Navigator
The English language versions of Netscape Navigator can display Japanese web pages if used with either a Japanese operating system or a Japanese language extension. The user needs to set up Japanese language "options" under "preferences" and in most cases select Japanese under "document encoding." Japanese (Auto-detect) is often the best option.

Macintoshes

Operating System

KanjiTalk
KanjiTalk is the Japanese version of the Macintosh operating system. All of the menus are in Japanese.

Japanese Language Extension

Japanese Language Kit
The Japanese Language Kit is available from Apple as an extension to System 7.1 or later. This extension allows users to input, display, and print Japanese with many Macintosh applications (but not all). The Japanese Language Kit is based on Apple Computer's operating system extension, World Script II.

Text Editor

Unicorn Editor
Unicorn Editor is available as shareware. It allows displaying, inputting, and printing (bitmapped font) of Japanese text files. It can also process Chinese and Korean text files. In addition to the editor, you need the Japanese language plug-in files that provide the fonts.

Web Browsers

Microsoft Internet Explorer
The current versions of Internet Explorer for Macintosh require MacProxy+ proxy server in order to display Japanese. Even so, some versions do not display all characters correctly.
Netscape Navigator
The English language versions of Netscape Navigator can display Japanese web pages if used with either the Japanese operating system (KanjiTalk) or the Japanese Language Kit. The user needs to set up Japanese language "options" under "preferences" and select Japanese under "document encoding."

Japanese Encoding Standards

There are currently three major Japanese encoding standards in use, JIS, Shift-JIS, and EUC. All three standards require 2-bytes as opposed to the 1-byte encoding used for western languages. There is also an international standard, Unicode, which is gradually receiving more attention and use. Japanese inputting is usually done with a western style keyboard. Typically, the user types in romaji (western characters) which is converted to Japanese Kana (the syllabary) on the fly. The user then selects Kanji (Chinese characters) from a list provided by the FEP (front-end processor). This can be a time consuming process. The best applications can handle all three encoding standards automatically.

JIS

JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) uses 7-bit bytes. Since many networks cut off the eight bit of 8-bit bytes, JIS is usually the best choice for network transmission such as sending and receiving email or network news on the Internet. If you use a localized Japanese email client with a Japanese operating system on a PC or a Macintosh, then messages will automatically be converted into JIS and back. Otherwise, you need to convert them yourself.

Shift-JIS

Shift-JIS is usually used for the internal coding in PCs (DOS/V, Windows 3.1) and Macs (KanjiTalk). Since Shift-JIS uses 8-bit bytes, some networks cut off the eight bit during transmission. Many web pages are encoded in Shift-JIS. Shift-JIS was originally developed by Microsoft Corporation.

EUC

EUC (Extended UNIX Code) is usually used on UNIX systems in Japan. Web pages that reside on UNIX systems are often encoded in EUC.

Unicode

Unicode is a fairly new international encoding standard that attempts to incorporate every major language in the world. Unicode includes a unification of kanji (Chinese characters) used in Chinese (traditional and simplified), Japanese, and Korean. The unified set of Kanji is referred to as CJK. The unification effort is referred to as Han Unification.

Other Resources

Wolfgang Bechstein has put together a handy guide to using Japanese on PCs, "Bilingual Computing, the Perennial Dilemma: Using Japanese on English PCs." This page is part of the Honyaku (mailing list) web site.

The Computing Japan magazine and web site both include regular articles and columns on computing and Japanese. This is one of the best sources for the latest information on Japanese computing.

The Honyaku FAQ includes some basic information on Japanese computing and the Internet.

Ken Lunde's Understanding Japanese Information Processing (O'Reilly and Associates, Inc., 1993) is the ultimate guide (in English) on Japanese information processing. Anyone involved in computing with the Japanese language should have this book on their shelf.

Ken Lunde's regularly updated file on Chinese/Japanese/Korean language processing is also not to be missed.


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